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圖1為PP復(fu)合材(cai)料表面電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)率和環(huan)(huan)境(jing)濕(shi)度的關系(xi)，1#樣(yang)品(pin)和2#樣(yang)品(pin)分別用1#和2#復(fu)合的聚丙烯復(fu)合材(cai)料。從圖1中(zhong)可(ke)以看出，環(huan)(huan)境(jing)濕(shi)度40% ~ 65%，兩(liang)個樣(yang)品(pin)的表面電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)率隨著(zhu)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)濕(shi)度上(shang)升(sheng)和下降；但(dan)隨著(zhu)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)濕(shi)度繼續上(shang)升(sheng)，表面電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)率下降幅(fu)度顯著(zhu)削弱。

圖(tu)1  表面電(dian)阻(zu)率與環境濕度的關系

人們普遍認為，表(biao)面(mian)(mian)活性劑類型的(de)(de)(de)抗靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)劑只有在(zai)聚合物表(biao)面(mian)(mian)形成一定的(de)(de)(de)網狀導(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)通(tong)路時，聚合物表(biao)面(mian)(mian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻率將有較大(da)的(de)(de)(de)降低(di)(di)。在(zai)40%的(de)(de)(de)低(di)(di)濕度環境下(xia)，1#試樣 的(de)(de)(de)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻率高達1016Ω。這(zhe)是因為非離(li)子(zi)(zi)型羥乙基(ji)脂(zhi)肪胺(an)(an)(an)本身并不生產導(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)材(cai)料，主要(yao)是分子(zi)(zi)中(zhong)羥乙基(ji)、叔胺(an)(an)(an)基(ji)親水(shui)基(ji)團(tuan)(tuan)較大(da)的(de)(de)(de)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)能(neng)，在(zai)樣品(pin)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)相(xiang)互(hu)團(tuan)(tuan) 聚，減少(shao)樣品(pin)的(de)(de)(de)整體表(biao)面(mian)(mian)能(neng)，因此(ci)(ci)形成宏觀均勻(yun)、微觀孤立的(de)(de)(de)一個(ge)個(ge)小(xiao)(xiao)島；在(zai)吸(xi)附環境的(de)(de)(de)水(shui)分后，形成以小(xiao)(xiao)島為中(zhong)心的(de)(de)(de)小(xiao)(xiao)液(ye)(ye)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)，這(zhe)些小(xiao)(xiao)液(ye)(ye)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)可(ke)看作是被(bei)隔離(li)的(de)(de)(de)導(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian) 點，此(ci)(ci)時形成的(de)(de)(de)小(xiao)(xiao)液(ye)(ye)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)的(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)導(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)介質(zhi)是水(shui)和微量的(de)(de)(de)雜質(zhi)，液(ye)(ye)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)之間的(de)(de)(de)連通(tong)數量也較少(shao)，所以樣品(pin)的(de)(de)(de)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻率較高。而在(zai)同(tong)樣濕度下(xia)，2#樣品(pin)的(de)(de)(de)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻率比 1#樣品(pin)下(xia)降近3個(ge)數量級。這(zhe)是因為2#樣品(pin)中(zhong)加入的(de)(de)(de)陰(yin)離(li)子(zi)(zi)型脂(zhi)肪基(ji)磺酸鹽(yan)隨羥乙基(ji)脂(zhi)肪胺(an)(an)(an)遷移(yi)至樣品(pin)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)，可(ke)以在(zai)小(xiao)(xiao)液(ye)(ye)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)中(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)離(li)產生離(li)子(zi)(zi)；離(li)子(zi)(zi)導(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)代替了水(shui) 膜(mo)(mo)(mo)導(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，使小(xiao)(xiao)液(ye)(ye)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻率顯著降低(di)(di)，導(dao)致樣品(pin)的(de)(de)(de)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻率顯著下(xia)降。

隨著環(huan)(huan)境濕(shi)度(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)上升，一(yi)方面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)表(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)吸(xi)附(fu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水量(liang)不(bu)(bu)斷增(zeng)加(jia)，即液膜(mo)(mo)厚度(du)、體積不(bu)(bu)斷增(zeng)加(jia)，引起小液膜(mo)(mo)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)降(jiang)低；另一(yi)方面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)，液膜(mo)(mo)厚度(du)增(zeng)加(jia)后(hou)(hou)，小液膜(mo)(mo)之間(jian)克服(fu)表(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian) 能(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)阻(zu)礙而(er)相(xiang)互(hu)連通(tong)，原本(ben)孤立(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)小液膜(mo)(mo)之間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)通(tong)路數(shu)(shu)量(liang)也增(zeng)加(jia)。這(zhe)(zhe)兩方面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原因導(dao)致兩樣(yang)(yang)(yang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)表(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)率(lv)均有(you)較大下(xia)(xia)降(jiang)；但由于脂(zhi)肪(fang)基(ji)磺酸(suan)鹽電(dian)(dian)離產(chan)生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)離子(zi)承(cheng)擔(dan) 了部分導(dao)電(dian)(dian)任務，因此2#樣(yang)(yang)(yang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)隨環(huan)(huan)境濕(shi)度(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變化趨勢較1#樣(yang)(yang)(yang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)緩和(he)；1#樣(yang)(yang)(yang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)表(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)率(lv)降(jiang)低4個(ge)數(shu)(shu)量(liang)級，而(er)2#樣(yang)(yang)(yang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)表(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)率(lv)下(xia)(xia)降(jiang)了3個(ge)數(shu)(shu)量(liang)級，即 2#樣(yang)(yang)(yang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)對環(huan)(huan)境濕(shi)度(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)依賴程度(du)比1#樣(yang)(yang)(yang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)低。當環(huan)(huan)境濕(shi)度(du)繼續增(zeng)加(jia)到65%，這(zhe)(zhe)兩個(ge)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)表(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)率(lv)下(xia)(xia)降(jiang)趨于平緩。可以被(bei)認為(wei)是65%的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)環(huan)(huan)境濕(shi)度(du)是一(yi)個(ge)臨界(jie) 點，當達到這(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)點后(hou)(hou)，樣(yang)(yang)(yang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)表(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)網狀導(dao)電(dian)(dian)通(tong)路數(shu)(shu)目基(ji)本(ben)飽和(he)，且(qie)形態(tai)與環(huan)(huan)境濕(shi)度(du)關系不(bu)(bu)大；因此，樣(yang)(yang)(yang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)表(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)率(lv)依賴環(huan)(huan)境濕(shi)度(du)將減少(shao)。同時，2#樣(yang)(yang)(yang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)臨界(jie) 點與1#樣(yang)(yang)(yang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)基(ji)本(ben)相(xiang)同，可以解釋脂(zhi)肪(fang)基(ji)磺酸(suan)鹽在樣(yang)(yang)(yang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)表(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)基(ji)本(ben)上是分布(bu)在羥乙基(ji)脂(zhi)肪(fang)胺團聚的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)小島之中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)；因此，少(shao)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)脂(zhi)肪(fang)基(ji)磺酸(suan)鹽對樣(yang)(yang)(yang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)表(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)整體的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)吸(xi)濕(shi)性能(neng) 沒有(you)明顯的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)貢獻。