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廢水處理方法
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化(hua)學處理(li)法

通過化學反應(ying)和(he)傳(chuan)(chuan)質作(zuo)用來(lai)分(fen)離(li)(li)、去(qu)除(chu)廢水中呈溶解、膠體(ti)狀態的(de)(de)污染物(wu)或將其轉化為無(wu)害物(wu)質的(de)(de)廢水處(chu)理(li)(li)法。在化學處(chu)理(li)(li)法中,以(yi)投加藥劑產生化學反應(ying)為基(ji)礎(chu)的(de)(de)處(chu)理(li)(li)單(dan)元(yuan)是:混凝(ning)、中和(he)、氧化還原等(deng);而以(yi)傳(chuan)(chuan)質作(zuo)用為基(ji)礎(chu)的(de)(de)處(chu)理(li)(li)單(dan)元(yuan)則有:萃取、汽提、吹脫、吸附、離(li)(li)子交(jiao)換以(yi)及電滲析和(he)反滲透等(deng)。后兩種(zhong)處(chu)理(li)(li)單(dan)元(yuan)又合(he)稱為膜分(fen)離(li)(li)技(ji)術。其中運用傳(chuan)(chuan)質作(zuo)用的(de)(de)處(chu)理(li)(li)單(dan)元(yuan)既具有化學作(zuo)用,又有與(yu)之相關的(de)(de)物(wu)理(li)(li)作(zuo)用,所(suo)以(yi)也可從化學處(chu)理(li)(li)法中分(fen)出來(lai) ,成為另一類處(chu)理(li)(li)方(fang)法,稱為物(wu)理(li)(li)化學法。

生物處(chu)理法

通過微(wei)生(sheng)物(wu)的代謝(xie)作(zuo)用,使廢(fei)水中呈(cheng)溶液、膠體以及微(wei)細懸浮狀態的有機污染(ran)物(wu),轉(zhuan)化為(wei)(wei)穩定(ding)、無害(hai)的物(wu)質的廢(fei)水處理(li)(li)法(fa)。根(gen)據作(zuo)用微(wei)生(sheng)物(wu)的不同(tong),生(sheng)物(wu)處理(li)(li)法(fa)又可分(fen)為(wei)(wei)需氧生(sheng)物(wu)處理(li)(li)和厭氧生(sheng)物(wu)處理(li)(li)兩種類型(xing)。

廢水(shui)(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)處(chu)(chu)理(li)廣泛(fan)使(shi)用的(de)是需氧(yang)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)處(chu)(chu)理(li)法(fa)(fa)(fa),按(an)傳統,需氧(yang)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)處(chu)(chu)理(li)法(fa)(fa)(fa)又(you)分為(wei)活性污(wu)泥法(fa)(fa)(fa)和(he)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)膜法(fa)(fa)(fa)兩(liang)類(lei)。活性污(wu)泥法(fa)(fa)(fa)本(ben)身就是一(yi)種處(chu)(chu)理(li)單(dan)元(yuan),它有(you)多種運行(xing)方式。屬于生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)膜法(fa)(fa)(fa)的(de)處(chu)(chu)理(li)設備(bei)有(you)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)濾池、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)轉盤、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)接觸(chu)氧(yang)化池以及生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)化床等。生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)氧(yang)化塘法(fa)(fa)(fa)又(you)稱自(zi)然生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)處(chu)(chu)理(li)法(fa)(fa)(fa)。厭氧(yang)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)處(chu)(chu)理(li)法(fa)(fa)(fa),又(you)名生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)還(huan)原處(chu)(chu)理(li)法(fa)(fa)(fa),主要(yao)用于處(chu)(chu)理(li)高(gao)濃度有(you)機廢水(shui)(shui)和(he)污(wu)泥。使(shi)用的(de)處(chu)(chu)理(li)設備(bei)主要(yao)為(wei)消化池。

用生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)接(jie)觸(chu)(chu)(chu)氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)法(fa)處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)廢水,即用生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)接(jie)觸(chu)(chu)(chu)氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)工藝在(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)反應池(chi)內充(chong)填(tian)(tian)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao),已經充(chong)氧(yang)(yang)的污(wu)(wu)水浸沒全部填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao),并以一定的流(liu)(liu)速流(liu)(liu)經填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)。在(zai)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)上布滿生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)膜(mo),污(wu)(wu)水與(yu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)膜(mo)廣泛(fan)接(jie)觸(chu)(chu)(chu),在(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)膜(mo)上微生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)的新(xin)陳代謝(xie)的作用下,污(wu)(wu)水中(zhong)有機污(wu)(wu)染(ran)物(wu)(wu)(wu)得到去(qu)除,污(wu)(wu)水得到凈化(hua)。最(zui)后,處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)過(guo)的廢水排入(ru)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)接(jie)觸(chu)(chu)(chu)氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)系統與(yu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活污(wu)(wu)水混合后進行處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li),氯消毒(du)后達標排放(fang)。生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)接(jie)觸(chu)(chu)(chu)氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)法(fa)是(shi)一種介于(yu)活性污(wu)(wu)泥法(fa)與(yu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)濾池(chi)之(zhi)間的生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)膜(mo)法(fa)工藝,其特點是(shi)在(zai)池(chi)內設(she)置(zhi)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao),池(chi)底曝氣(qi)對(dui)污(wu)(wu)水進行充(chong)氧(yang)(yang),并使(shi)池(chi)體內污(wu)(wu)水處(chu)(chu)于(yu)流(liu)(liu)動狀態(tai),以保證污(wu)(wu)水同浸沒在(zai)污(wu)(wu)水中(zhong)的填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)充(chong)分接(jie)觸(chu)(chu)(chu),避(bi)免生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)接(jie)觸(chu)(chu)(chu)氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)池(chi)中(zhong)存在(zai)污(wu)(wu)水與(yu)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)接(jie)觸(chu)(chu)(chu)不均的缺陷(xian),這種曝氣(qi)裝置(zhi)稱謂(wei)鼓(gu)風曝氣(qi)。

微生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)燃(ran)料電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)處理方法,利用(yong)燃(ran)料電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)中接種的(de)(de)降(jiang)(jiang)解廢物(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)微生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)進行毒類物(wu)(wu)質、有機(ji)物(wu)(wu)、雜質的(de)(de)降(jiang)(jiang)解。常(chang)見的(de)(de)微生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)燃(ran)料電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)可分(fen)為:單室微生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)燃(ran)料電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)、雙室微生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)燃(ran)料電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)。

 

本文標簽:廢水處理方法
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