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 開關磁(ci)阻電(dian)機(ji)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)速(su)(su)(su)(su)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(SRD)是(shi)(shi)(shi)當今世界最(zui)新(xin)、性(xing)能(neng)價格(ge)比(bi)最(zui)高的(de)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)速(su)(su)(su)(su)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)。它是(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)種(zhong)基(ji)于改變(bian)供電(dian)電(dian)源頻(pin)率的(de)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)速(su)(su)(su)(su)方(fang)式——交流變(bian)頻(pin)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)速(su)(su)(su)(su)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)應運而(er)生(sheng)。而(er)開關磁(ci)阻電(dian)機(ji)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)速(su)(su)(su)(su)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(又稱開關磁(ci)阻電(dian)機(ji)驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong))簡稱SRD系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong),是(shi)(shi)(shi)它們中嶄新(xin)的(de)一(yi)種(zhong)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong),并且(qie)(qie)已經是(shi)(shi)(shi)智能(neng)化和模塊(kuai)化,不僅調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)速(su)(su)(su)(su)性(xing)優(you)越，而(er)且(qie)(qie)各種(zhong)保護功能(neng)也很完善，已在很多方(fang)面(mian)大量(liang)使(shi)用(yong)。這項技(ji)術一(yi)經問世，便以其寬廣的(de)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)速(su)(su)(su)(su)范(fan)圍(wei)，良好的(de)機(ji)械特性(xing)，卓越的(de)啟動(dong)(dong)制動(dong)(dong)性(xing)能(neng)，節能(neng)，易維護等(deng)一(yi)系(xi)(xi)列突出優(you)點而(er)引起電(dian)氣及其他行業的(de)關注。

 SRD系統是(shi)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)阻(zu)(zu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)技術(shu)相結合而(er)產生的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)種機(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)一(yi)體(ti)化裝置(zhi),主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)由SRM開(kai)關(guan)(guan)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)阻(zu)(zu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)、功率變(bian)換(huan)(huan)(huan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)、單片(pian)(pian)機(ji)(ji)(或DSP芯片(pian)(pian))、電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)及(ji)位(wei)置(zhi)檢(jian)(jian)測器(qi)(qi)(qi)等五大部分(fen)(fen)組(zu)(zu)成。其組(zu)(zu)成與(yu)(yu)特(te)點： 1.1開(kai)關(guan)(guan)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)阻(zu)(zu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(Switched Reluctance Motor,簡稱SRM) 是(shi)系統中(zhong)實(shi)現能量轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)(huan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)部件, 它與(yu)(yu)傳統的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)阻(zu)(zu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)相比，具有(you)本質的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)區(qu)別。在(zai)結構上(shang)(shang)，SRM采(cai)用(yong)雙凸(tu)極(ji)(ji)形式(shi)(shi)(shi)，即定(ding)(ding)(ding)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、轉(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)均(jun)為凸(tu)極(ji)(ji)式(shi)(shi)(shi)構造(zao)；定(ding)(ding)(ding)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)線(xian)圈采(cai)用(yong)集(ji)中(zhong)式(shi)(shi)(shi)而(er)不(bu)是(shi)分(fen)(fen)布式(shi)(shi)(shi)繞組(zu)(zu)；加在(zai)定(ding)(ding)(ding)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)繞組(zu)(zu)上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓為不(bu)連(lian)續(xu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)矩形波(bo)而(er)非連(lian)續(xu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)正弦波(bo)。轉(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)僅由硅鋼(gang)片(pian)(pian)疊壓而(er)成，既(ji)無繞組(zu)(zu)也無永磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)體(ti)，定(ding)(ding)(ding)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)各(ge)極(ji)(ji)上(shang)(shang)繞有(you)集(ji)中(zhong)繞組(zu)(zu)。圖2所示為8/6極(ji)(ji)（定(ding)(ding)(ding)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)八極(ji)(ji)、轉(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)六極(ji)(ji)）四相SRM剖面圖. SRM有(you)兩種獨(du)特(te)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)運行(xing)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)：低速(su)時(shi)(shi)采(cai)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)斬(zhan)波(bo)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)；高速(su)時(shi)(shi)采(cai)用(yong)單脈沖角(jiao)度(du)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)。在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)斬(zhan)波(bo)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)中(zhong)，系統是(shi)通(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)調節(jie)相繞組(zu)(zu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大小(xiao)來(lai)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)矩，因(yin)此(ci)能準確知道繞組(zu)(zu)中(zhong)實(shi)際(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大小(xiao)，對電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)反饋(kui)是(shi)很必要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)；在(zai)角(jiao)度(du)位(wei)置(zhi)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)中(zhong)，系統通(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)調節(jie)觸發角(jiao)和(he)關(guan)(guan)斷(duan)角(jiao)來(lai)實(shi)現對轉(zhuan)(zhuan)矩的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)，此(ci)時(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)己不(bu)再作(zuo)為控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)量，但為了(le)防止系統過(guo)(guo)載或故障(zhang)則要(yao)(yao)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)過(guo)(guo)流(liu)(liu)保(bao)護(hu)，所以(yi)系統中(zhong)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)檢(jian)(jian)測。 1.11開(kai)關(guan)(guan)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)阻(zu)(zu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(SRM)工作(zuo)原理(li)遵循“磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)阻(zu)(zu)最小(xiao)原理(li)”，通(tong)(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)后，磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)路有(you)向磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)阻(zu)(zu)最小(xiao)路徑變(bian)或化的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)趨勢。當轉(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)凸(tu)極(ji)(ji)與(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)凸(tu)極(ji)(ji)錯位(wei)時(shi)(shi)，氣(qi)隙大、磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)阻(zu)(zu)大：一(yi)旦定(ding)(ding)(ding)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)極(ji)(ji)繞組(zu)(zu)通(tong)(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，就會形成對轉(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)凸(tu)起的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)拉(la)力(li)，使(shi)氣(qi)隙變(bian)小(xiao)一(yi)一(yi)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)路磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)阻(zu)(zu)變(bian)小(xiao)。與(yu)(yu)此(ci)同(tong)時(shi)(shi)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)開(kai)關(guan)(guan)按一(yi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)邏(luo)輯關(guan)(guan)系切換(huan)(huan)(huan)定(ding)(ding)(ding)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)極(ji)(ji)繞組(zu)(zu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)通(tong)(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)相序，即可(ke)形成連(lian)續(xu)旋轉(zhuan)(zhuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)力(li)矩。開(kai)關(guan)(guan)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)阻(zu)(zu)調速(su)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)調速(su)功能是(shi)由開(kai)關(guan)(guan)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)阻(zu)(zu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)位(wei)置(zhi)檢(jian)(jian)測器(qi)(qi)(qi)、功率變(bian)換(huan)(huan)(huan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)和(he)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(即單片(pian)(pian)機(ji)(ji)或DSP芯片(pian)(pian))共(gong)同(tong)配合實(shi)現的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。 

 開(kai)(kai)關(guan)磁阻電(dian)(dian)(dian)動機(ji)(ji)的(de)機(ji)(ji)械特性(xing)(xing),至所(suo)以(yi)說它機(ji)(ji)械特性(xing)(xing)好(hao)是(shi)(shi)因啟動轉(zhuan)(zhuan)矩(ju)大于額(e)定轉(zhuan)(zhuan)矩(ju)的(de)2-3倍。功率(lv)變(bian)(bian)換器(qi)(qi)(qi)是(shi)(shi)開(kai)(kai)關(guan)磁阻電(dian)(dian)(dian)動機(ji)(ji)-運行時所(suo)需(xu)能(neng)(neng)量的(de)提(ti)供者，是(shi)(shi)連接電(dian)(dian)(dian)源和電(dian)(dian)(dian)動機(ji)(ji)繞組(zu)的(de)開(kai)(kai)關(guan)部件。通(tong)(tong)過它將電(dian)(dian)(dian)源能(neng)(neng)量饋入(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)，也可(ke)(ke)將電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)內(nei)的(de)磁場儲能(neng)(neng)反饋回電(dian)(dian)(dian)源，其(qi)(qi)功率(lv)變(bian)(bian)換電(dian)(dian)(dian)路所(suo)用(yong)的(de)開(kai)(kai)關(guan)部件為快速(su)絕(jue)緣柵雙極(ji)型(xing)(xing)晶體(ti)管(IGBT)。 理論與實踐證(zheng)明：SRD系(xi)(xi)統(tong)在(zai)單位體(ti)積轉(zhuan)(zhuan)矩(ju)值、效率(lv)、逆(ni)變(bian)(bian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)伏安容(rong)量及其(qi)(qi)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)參數(shu)上，可(ke)(ke)與目前的(de)變(bian)(bian)頻調速(su)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)競爭。該機(ji)(ji)種(zhong)在(zai)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)矩(ju)/轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動慣量的(de)比值上占有(you)較大的(de)優勢，特別(bie)是(shi)(shi)兩種(zhong)臨界轉(zhuan)(zhuan)速(su)的(de)，使可(ke)(ke)變(bian)(bian)范圍廣，可(ke)(ke)控(kong)因素多(duo)，是(shi)(shi)一種(zhong)較理想(xiang)的(de)新(xin)型(xing)(xing)調速(su)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)。 值此(ci)需(xu)要特別(bie)指(zhi)出,它與眾不同的(de)是(shi)(shi)，SRD系(xi)(xi)統(tong)很(hen)容(rong)易(yi)通(tong)(tong)過改變(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動機(ji)(ji)的(de)工(gong)作(zuo)方式和控(kong)制參數(shu)實現不同的(de)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)特點和滿足特殊的(de)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)指(zhi)標，尤其(qi)(qi)當采(cai)用(yong)單片機(ji)(ji)或DSP單片可(ke)(ke)編程微處理器(qi)(qi)(qi)芯片為控(kong)制核心時，往(wang)往(wang)只需(xu)通(tong)(tong)過修改軟(ruan)件，便能(neng)(neng)滿足用(yong)戶許多(duo)不同的(de)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)要求。 隨(sui)著科技能(neng)(neng)力的(de)不斷進步，以(yi)及半導體(ti)集(ji)成控(kong)制技術(shu)水平的(de)提(ti)高，SRD系(xi)(xi)統(tong)已有(you)了(le)系(xi)(xi)列化產品，其(qi)(qi)多(duo)種(zhong)中(zhong)小功率(lv)SRD系(xi)(xi)統(tong)在(zai)不同的(de)工(gong)業部門和家用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)得到應用(yong)。

 SRD系統(tong)的特(te)性主要表現在(zai)： ＊啟動電流小(xiao)(≤30%額(e)(e)定(ding)電流)，啟動轉矩大(da)，大(da)于額(e)(e)定(ding)轉矩的2--3倍； ＊調速(su)范(fan)圍(wei)廣；調速(su)比大(da)于20:1，調速(su)平滑無極； ＊負(fu)載特(te)性好；穩(wen)定(ding)精度高(gao)，在(zai)負(fu)載大(da)小(xiao)變(bian)化時，轉速(su)保持不(bu)變(bian)其穩(wen)速(su)精度≤正負(fu)0.5%； ＊系統(tong)效率(lv)高(gao)，從低速(su)、中(zhong)速(su)到(dao)(dao)高(gao)速(su)，系統(tong)效率(lv)均達(da)到(dao)(dao)85%以上(shang)； ＊機(ji)械結(jie)構牢固，可免(mian)維護運行(xing)(xing)； ＊具有(you)啟動時低電流、大(da)轉矩的特(te)性，其電動機(ji)和控制器(qi)在(zai)啟動過程(cheng)中(zhong)電流沖擊小(xiao)，發熱較(jiao)連續(xu)額(e)(e)定(ding)運轉時還(huan)小(xiao)； ＊在(zai)制動運行(xing)(xing)和電動運轉時，同樣具有(you)優(you)良(liang)的轉矩輸出(chu)能(neng)力和工作(zuo)特(te)性。因此，適用于頻(pin)(pin)繁啟動或頻(pin)(pin)繁正反轉運行(xing)(xing)的場合，轉換(huan)頻(pin)(pin)率(lv)可達(da)1000次／h。正因為具有(you)以上(shang)特(te)點，所以能(neng)開發應用的領域(yu)相當廣泛。

  開關(guan)磁阻(zu)電(dian)機調速(su)系統(SRD)的(de)(de)(de)應用(yong)(yong) 開關(guan)磁阻(zu)電(dian)機調速(su)系統(SRD)的(de)(de)(de)應用(yong)(yong)范圍非常廣(guang)泛，隨(sui)著科技(ji)能(neng)力(li)的(de)(de)(de)不(bu)斷(duan)進步，以(yi)及半導體集成控制技(ji)術(shu)水平的(de)(de)(de)提高(gao)，SRD系統已有了系列化(hua)產品，其多(duo)種功率SRD系統在(zai)不(bu)同的(de)(de)(de)工業(ye)部門和家用(yong)(yong)電(dian)器及國防軍(jun)工中(zhong)得到應用(yong)(yong)。如需頻繁啟(qi)動(dong)、停止、快速(su)頻繁正(zheng)反轉及需在(zai)很寬范圍內調速(su)的(de)(de)(de)設備。如機械行(xing)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)龍門刨床、銑床，冶(ye)金行(xing)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)可逆軋機、飛鋸、飛剪、電(dian)弧爐(lu)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)極升降，科研試驗設備、醫療設備、食品、印刷機械、汽車、電(dian)力(li)機車及空間(jian)技(ji)術(shu)、家用(yong)(yong)電(dian)器等。

 在(zai)(zai)龍(long)門(men)刨(bao)床中的(de)(de)(de)應用(yong) 龍(long)門(men)刨(bao)床是加工(gong)大面積(ji)金(jin)屬平面的(de)(de)(de)常(chang)見(jian)機床，其切削過(guo)(guo)程為：橫(heng)梁和側刀架在(zai)(zai)立(li)柱上移動(dong)(dong)(dong)，垂直(zhi)刀架在(zai)(zai)橫(heng)梁上左右移動(dong)(dong)(dong)，工(gong)件所在(zai)(zai)的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)作臺在(zai)(zai)導軌上作直(zhi)線往(wang)(wang)(wang)復(fu)運動(dong)(dong)(dong)。單(dan)就(jiu)工(gong)作臺的(de)(de)(de)傳動(dong)(dong)(dong)電機則要求：能(neng)(neng)頻繁快速(su)地(di)(di)(di)實現啟動(dong)(dong)(dong)、制(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)及正反旋轉，并能(neng)(neng)在(zai)(zai)直(zhi)線往(wang)(wang)(wang)復(fu)運動(dong)(dong)(dong)中自動(dong)(dong)(dong)平穩地(di)(di)(di)變換速(su)度(du)。能(neng)(neng)在(zai)(zai)≥20的(de)(de)(de)速(su)比范圍內(nei)平滑地(di)(di)(di)調(diao)速(su)。能(neng)(neng)在(zai)(zai)工(gong)件吃(chi)刀后，不(bu)低于吃(chi)刀前(qian)速(su)度(du)的(de)(de)(de)95％。在(zai)(zai)任一速(su)度(du)下換向時，沖擊(ji)電流限制(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)(zai)允許值內(nei)。工(gong)作臺在(zai)(zai)往(wang)(wang)(wang)復(fu)換向時切削點過(guo)(guo)切刀的(de)(de)(de)距離不(bu)超過(guo)(guo)7一Bom，并能(neng)(neng)實現良(liang)好(hao)地(di)(di)(di)制(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)。 過(guo)(guo)去多采用(yong)直(zhi)流電動(dong)(dong)(dong)機和直(zhi)流調(diao)速(su)系統，雖然在(zai)(zai)性能(neng)(neng)上滿足了需(xu)要，但缺點是：結構(gou)復(fu)雜，體積(ji)大，操(cao)作麻煩，維護量(liang)多，效率低，能(neng)(neng)耗高。近年(nian)來，使用(yong)了SRD后，省去了減(jian)速(su)器，簡化(hua)了結構(gou)，方(fang)便(bian)了操(cao)作，減(jian)少了能(neng)(neng)耗，降低了成(cheng)本。

 用(yong)于紡織“探邊(bian)”設(she)(she)(she)備(bei) 經(jing)過(guo)紡織行(xing)業的(de)“探邊(bian)” 與“對中(zhong)”設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)的(de)實(shi)踐(jian)使(shi)用(yong)，取得了較好的(de)效果(guo)。對作(zuo)為“探邊(bian)”設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)的(de)動力，其反應速度小于0.3s，即電動機運轉時(shi)，接到指令后，能(neng)在(zai)0.3s內實(shi)現(xian)反轉，并(bing)要求在(zai)24小時(shi)內連續頻(pin)繁運轉，同(tong)時(shi)要求在(zai)較寬廣范圍內進行(xing)無級調(diao)速。這些功能(neng)都是(shi)在(zai)變頻(pin)調(diao)速系統難以實(shi)現(xian)的(de)。

 用(yong)(yong)于家用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器: 將(jiang)克服當今洗(xi)(xi)(xi)衣(yi)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)和空(kong)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)冰箱(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)缺陷，成為(wei)更完善新(xin)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)代(dai)產品。目前世界上(shang)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)面廣(guang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)現代(dai)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)衣(yi)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)主要(yao)有(you)(you)二大(da)(da)(da)類：一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)是(shi)波輪式全自(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)衣(yi)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，二是(shi)滾筒式全自(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)衣(yi)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。這兩類洗(xi)(xi)(xi)衣(yi)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)有(you)(you)共(gong)同的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)性能(neng)(neng)(neng)要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)：即洗(xi)(xi)(xi)滌(di)(di)(di)時(shi)(shi)要(yao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)低(di)(di)(di)速(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)旋轉(zhuan)，且(qie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)適應(ying)頻(pin)繁(fan)正反(fan)轉(zhuan)；脫水時(shi)(shi)要(yao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)高(gao)(gao)(gao)速(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)旋轉(zhuan)。為(wei)此，它們均(jun)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)種2極(ji)(ji)/16極(ji)(ji)變(bian)(bian)極(ji)(ji)雙(shuang)速(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)單相異(yi)步電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，勉強達到(dao)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)，但存在(zai)(zai)著(zhu)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)速(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)性能(neng)(neng)(neng)差(cha)與(yu)效(xiao)(xiao)率低(di)(di)(di)(一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)均(jun)在(zai)(zai)30%以(yi)(yi)下(xia))、啟動(dong)(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)大(da)(da)(da)(特別是(shi)作(zuo)頻(pin)繁(fan)正反(fan)轉(zhuan)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)滌(di)(di)(di)狀況(kuang)時(shi)(shi)竟達到(dao)額定電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)7--8倍以(yi)(yi)上(shang))。 而(er)(er)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)SRD系統(tong)(tong)代(dai)替原2極(ji)(ji)/16極(ji)(ji)變(bian)(bian)極(ji)(ji)雙(shuang)速(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)單相異(yi)步電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),則(ze)可以(yi)(yi)克服上(shang)述缺陷。因SRD系統(tong)(tong)有(you)(you)寬廣(guang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)速(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)范(fan)圍，可以(yi)(yi)使(shi)(shi)“洗(xi)(xi)(xi)滌(di)(di)(di)”與(yu)“脫水”均(jun)工作(zuo)在(zai)(zai)最佳的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)轉(zhuan)速(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)上(shang)；SRD 系統(tong)(tong)良好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)啟動(dong)(dong)(dong)性能(neng)(neng)(neng)可消除(chu)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)滌(di)(di)(di)過(guo)程中啟動(dong)(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)沖擊，使(shi)(shi)冼滌(di)(di)(di)、換向平穩無噪聲；實(shi)現全部調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)速(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)范(fan)圍的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)(gao)效(xiao)(xiao)率，大(da)(da)(da)大(da)(da)(da)減少耗(hao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量。空(kong)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)冰箱(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)核心(xin)部件(jian)都(dou)是(shi)壓(ya)縮(suo)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，大(da)(da)(da)都(dou)是(shi)由單相異(yi)步電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)帶動(dong)(dong)(dong)壓(ya)縮(suo)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，作(zuo)二位置式的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)通斷控溫(wen)(wen)，因而(er)(er)系統(tong)(tong)效(xiao)(xiao)率與(yu)功(gong)率因數均(jun)低(di)(di)(di)，并且(qie)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)起伏范(fan)圍大(da)(da)(da)。況(kuang)且(qie)啟動(dong)(dong)(dong)時(shi)(shi)因電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)大(da)(da)(da)對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網有(you)(you)嚴重的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)沖擊。雖則(ze)近(jin)年(nian)來有(you)(you)“變(bian)(bian)頻(pin)空(kong)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)”新(xin)產品，它采(cai)用(yong)(yong)異(yi)步電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)變(bian)(bian)頻(pin)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)速(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)系統(tong)(tong)取(qu)代(dai)單相異(yi)步電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)空(kong)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)并獲得了制(zhi)冷速(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)度(du)快、運行(xing)(xing)噪音小，效(xiao)(xiao)率高(gao)(gao)(gao)，節(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)等一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)系優越(yue)性，但由于變(bian)(bian)頻(pin)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)速(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)系統(tong)(tong)通常(chang)運行(xing)(xing)在(zai)(zai)中、低(di)(di)(di)速(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)時(shi)(shi)，機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)特性差(cha)，系統(tong)(tong)效(xiao)(xiao)率和功(gong)率因素(su)下(xia)降(jiang)明(ming)顯。而(er)(er)變(bian)(bian)頻(pin)空(kong)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)系統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)縮(suo)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)恰(qia)恰(qia)大(da)(da)(da)多數時(shi)(shi)間運行(xing)(xing)在(zai)(zai)中、低(di)(di)(di)速(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)，僅(jin)在(zai)(zai)剛剛開啟才(cai)會(hui)運行(xing)(xing)在(zai)(zai)高(gao)(gao)(gao)速(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)，所以(yi)(yi)這給變(bian)(bian)頻(pin)空(kong)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)節(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)優越(yue)性大(da)(da)(da)大(da)(da)(da)地打了個(ge)折扣(kou)。反(fan)之SRD系統(tong)(tong)具有(you)(you)優良的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)速(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)性能(neng)(neng)(neng)，有(you)(you)更高(gao)(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)--機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)轉(zhuan)換效(xiao)(xiao)率，特別是(shi)在(zai)(zai)中低(di)(di)(di)速(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)時(shi)(shi)，優勢(shi)尤為(wei)突出。從而(er)(er)能(neng)(neng)(neng)有(you)(you)效(xiao)(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)克服了變(bian)(bian)頻(pin)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)速(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)系統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)弊端，使(shi)(shi)節(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)更為(wei)有(you)(you)效(xiao)(xiao)。一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)情況(kuang)下(xia),空(kong)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)均(jun)是(shi)高(gao)(gao)(gao)耗(hao)能(neng)(neng)(neng)型家電(dian)(dian)(dian)，如果能(neng)(neng)(neng)節(jie)5%能(neng)(neng)(neng)以(yi)(yi)上(shang)，必將(jiang)會(hui)獲得較大(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經濟與(yu)社會(hui)效(xiao)(xiao)益。

 在電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)與驅動(dong)(dong)上的(de)應用 由于燃(ran)油(you)汽車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)廢(fei)氣嚴重污染環(huan)境，故發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)和完善無污染的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)是(shi)社會的(de)必然(ran)。而(er)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)除了隨車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)的(de)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池要有(you)高能(neng)量密封之(zhi)外(wai)，再則就是(shi)要有(you)性(xing)能(neng)和效率很優越(yue)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機調速系(xi)(xi)統作動(dong)(dong)力(li)。而(er)SRD系(xi)(xi)統高效率、高可靠(kao)性(xing)、寬廣的(de)調速范圍，卓越(yue)的(de)啟、制動(dong)(dong)性(xing)能(neng)，它是(shi)各類電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)最理想的(de)動(dong)(dong)力(li)之(zhi)一。 除此以還,國(guo)外(wai)還在下(xia)列車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)輛中開(kai)發(fa)(fa)使用: 電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)自行車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)摩托車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)、公共(gong)汽車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)、輪(lun)椅車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)、高爾夫球車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)、割草機、小型電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)。 

 高(gao)速運行應(ying)用場合(he)的(de)開(kai)發 由于SRM電動機具有堅固性和(he)需要相對低(di)的(de)開(kai)關頻，所(suo)以(yi)在疊片性能和(he)軸(zhou)承滿(man)足的(de)條件下可(ke)作高(gao)速傳(chuan)動與運行，為(wei)此作為(wei)開(kai)發高(gao)速SRD系統又是一個應(ying)用方向。據有關資料(liao)，美國為(wei)空(kong)間技術應(ying)用研制(zhi)了25000r/min、90Kw的(de)高(gao)速SRD樣(yang)機，其電動機有效(xiao)材料(liao)僅為(wei)10Kg。

  雖然(ran)SRD系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統在(zai)我國出現(xian)較晚(wan)，產業(ye)化工作滯后(hou)，它的(de)特點目前尚(shang)未被廣大(da)用戶所了解，但(dan)由于SRD系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統具有十分優良的(de)控制性能，從而使得(de)某些領域可(ke)取代現(xian)在(zai)仍(reng)廣泛采(cai)用的(de)交(jiao)流變頻(pin)調(diao)(diao)速系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統，特別是(shi)在(zai)一(yi)些現(xian)有調(diao)(diao)速系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統難以勝任(ren)的(de)場(chang)所，發揮作用。為此，可(ke)以肯定(ding)開關(guan)磁阻電動機(ji)調(diao)(diao)速系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統可(ke)望(wang)在(zai)21世紀盡顯光彩(cai)。