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    概況：飛(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)虱(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，飛(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)虱(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)科。分(fen)布在(zai)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)各省(sheng)，長(chang)江(jiang)中(zhong)(zhong)下游和(he)(he)華北發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)多(duo)(duo)。寄(ji)(ji)主有水(shui)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)、英白(bai)、小(xiao)麥(mai)、大麥(mai)、玉(yu)米、高(gao)粱、甘蔗、看麥(mai)娘、稗草(cao)等禾本(ben)科植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)。常見(jian)種(zhong)類有 褐(he)飛(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)虱(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、白(bai)背(bei)飛(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)虱(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)(he)灰飛(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)虱(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。基本(ben)概述　　同(tong)翅目飛(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)虱(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)科的通稱。全世界近2000種(zhong)。中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)約200種(zhong)。全部植(zhi)(zhi)食(shi)(shi)性(xing)(xing)，很多(duo)(duo)種(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)于(yu)禾本(ben)科植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)，是(shi)農(nong)業  飛(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)虱(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的重(zhong)(zhong)要害(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)，如(ru)(ru)褐(he)飛(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)虱(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、灰飛(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)虱(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、白(bai)背(bei)飛(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)虱(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)等。有一(yi)些(xie)種(zhong)還(huan)傳布植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)病(bing)(bing)(bing)毒(du)病(bing)(bing)(bing)，如(ru)(ru)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)黑條矮(ai)縮病(bing)(bing)(bing)、小(xiao)麥(mai)叢矮(ai)病(bing)(bing)(bing)、玉(yu)米粗縮病(bing)(bing)(bing)等。飛(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)虱(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)體型小(xiao)，長(chang)多(duo)(duo)在(zai)5毫米以下。 大多(duo)(duo)以卵或(huo)(huo)若(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)越冬。1年(nian)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)3～4代以至10代以上(shang)。越冬卵產(chan)在(zai)寄(ji)(ji)主組織里。若(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)則蟄伏于(yu)冬季寄(ji)(ji)主或(huo)(huo)雜草(cao)中(zhong)(zhong)，天(tian)氣轉暖便孵化或(huo)(huo)活(huo)動(dong)取食(shi)(shi)。已知有些(xie)種(zhong)（如(ru)(ru) 褐(he)飛(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)虱(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、白(bai)背(bei)飛(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)虱(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)等）只能(neng)在(zai)南(nan)方(fang)越冬，每年(nian)至植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)季節，由(you)南(nan)方(fang)向北方(fang)飛(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)遷(qian)，侵入農(nong)田為(wei)害(hai)(hai)。成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)和(he)(he)若(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)都刺(ci)吸(xi)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)液汁(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。取食(shi)(shi)禾本(ben)科植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)的種(zhong)類多(duo)(duo)在(zai)植(zhi)(zhi)株(zhu)(zhu)莖 桿上(shang)刺(ci)吸(xi)，影響(xiang)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)的生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)，嚴(yan)重(zhong)(zhong)時可(ke)使葉(xie)片發(fa)黃(huang)，甚(shen)至整株(zhu)(zhu)干枯(ku)和(he)(he)倒伏。成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)和(he)(he)若(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)都善走(zou)能(neng)跳(tiao)。成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)還(huan)可(ke)以飛(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)遷(qian)，大多(duo)(duo)有趨光性(xing)(xing)。 危害(hai)(hai)特(te)點成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、若(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)刺(ci)吸(xi)水(shui)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao) 等寄(ji)(ji)主汁(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)液，引起(qi)黃(huang)葉(xie)或(huo)(huo)枯(ku)死(si)(si)。稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)飛(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)虱(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)對水(shui)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)的危害(hai)(hai)，除直接刺(ci)吸(xi)汁(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)液，使生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)受阻，嚴(yan)重(zhong)(zhong)時稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)叢成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)團枯(ku)萎(wei)，甚(shen)至全田死(si)(si)稈倒伏外(wai)，產(chan)卵也會(hui)刺(ci)傷(shang)植(zhi)(zhi)株(zhu)(zhu)，破壞(huai)輸導組 織，妨礙(ai)營養物(wu)(wu)(wu)質運輸并傳播病(bing)(bing)(bing)毒(du)病(bing)(bing)(bing)。生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)習性(xing)(xing)：稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)飛(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)虱(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的生(sheng)(sheng)命周期(qi)有卵、若(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)、蛹、成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)四個階段。若(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)和(he)(he)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)均通過(guo)吸(xi)食(shi)(shi)水(shui)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)植(zhi)(zhi)株(zhu)(zhu)的汁(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)液生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)，而水(shui)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)會(hui)因汁(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)液 被吸(xi)而影響(xiang)灌漿、使葉(xie)變黃(huang)黑以致枯(ku)死(si)(si)，所以稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)飛(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)虱(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)大量繁殖(zhi)時會(hui)對水(shui)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)帶來毀滅性(xing)(xing)打擊。稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)飛(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)虱(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)使用(yong)針狀口(kou)器吸(xi)食(shi)(shi)水(shui)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)汁(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)液，如(ru)(ru)同(tong)蚊子(zi)刺(ci)破皮膚(fu)吸(xi)血一(yi)樣。成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng) 蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)非(fei)常依賴吸(xi)食(shi)(shi)汁(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)液，如(ru)(ru)果(guo)沒(mei)有進(jin)食(shi)(shi)，就會(hui)在(zai)一(yi)天(tian)內死(si)(si)亡。另外(wai)，稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)飛(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)虱(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)和(he)(he)許(xu)多(duo)(duo)飛(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)一(yi)樣，有著很強的趨光性(xing)(xing)。稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)飛(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)虱(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)(he)蝗蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)一(yi)樣具有遷(qian)飛(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)性(xing)(xing)，在(zai)數量不斷增加 后則會(hui)加速繁殖(zhi)，數日內就可(ke)繁殖(zhi)一(yi)代，最終爆(bao)發(fa)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)災并伴隨(sui)氣流遷(qian)移。稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)飛(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)虱(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的爆(bao)發(fa)具有間歇性(xing)(xing)。2006年(nian)夏(xia)，中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)長(chang)江(jiang)流域的中(zhong)(zhong)下游地區普(pu)遍遭遇了稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)飛(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)虱(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)爆(bao) 發(fa)。藥物(wu)(wu)(wu)防(fang)治：用(yong)飛(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)虱(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)分(fen)鐘20ml-25ml兌水(shui)15公(gong)斤(jin)噴(pen)霧。用(yong)飛(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)克20-25ml兌水(shui)15公(gong)斤(jin)噴(pen)霧。用(yong)粉攔20-25ml兌水(shui)15公(gong)斤(jin)噴(pen)霧。